省略
词法省略
一、省略冠词
可以省略的情况:
- 表示独一无二的职位或身份
The rabbit was appointed the chairman of the Carrotown Committee.
兔子被任命为胡萝城委员会主席。The wolf served as the head of our team.
狼是我们组的队长。
- 并列结构中重复冠词可省略
Both the rabbit and the wolf will be invited to the party.
兔子和狼都会被邀请参加聚会。Is this bunny a boy or a girl?
这只小兔子是男孩还是女孩?
❗ 不可省略的情况:
当省略冠词会造成歧义或语义混淆时,不能省略
✅ a teacher and a video creator(是两个不同的身份)
❌ a teacher and video creator(可能被理解为一个人同时是“教学视频创作者”)
二、省略介词
某些独立主格结构
独立主格结构中,有时可以省略“with + 冠词 + 名词”结构
- The rabbit came in, carrot in hand.
兔子进来了,手里拿着一根胡萝卜。
(= The rabbit came in, with a carrot in his hand.)
时间介词
I ate 10 carrots on that day.
我那天吃了10根胡萝卜.
I worked for 60 hours in last week.
我上周工作了60小时.
做某事
相等于动名词转换为现在分词
I am busy in making videos.
我正忙着做视频.
There’s no use in crying over spilled milk.
覆水难收
三、省略动词不定式
1. 并列关系中省略不定式
当多个不定式并列,为了避免重复,可以在第二个及之后的不定式中省略 to。
He wanted to stay here and read.
他想待在这里并阅读。
✅ 第二个动词read
省略了to
。The rabbit decided to go out and play.
兔子决定出去玩。
✅play
省略了to
。
2. 不定式中的 Bare Infinitive(裸不定式)
某些结构后必须使用动词原形(不加 to),即裸不定式。
常见结构:
✅ 帮助类动词
- The wolf helped me to eat the carrot.
狼帮助我吃胡萝卜。
👉help
后的to
可省略,也可保留(美式英语常省略)。
✅ 使役动词(make, let, have)
The wolf made me
towatch the video. ❌✅ The wolf made me watch the video.
狼让我看了那个视频。
👉make
后接宾语 + 动词原形。
⚠️ 注意:被动语态中则需使用 to 不定式:
- I was made to watch the video.
我被要求看那个视频。
四、省略从句引导词
[[代词#^ecf0ea|关系代词]]在从句中作宾语可以省略:
This is the rabbit that we met yesterday.
这就是我们昨天见到那只兔子
The rabbit said that the carrots were tasty.
兔子说胡萝卜很美味
句法省略
简单句的省略
祈使句
You open the door, please.
请打开门. (祈使句)
感叹句
What a smart rabbit he is!
多聪明的一只兔子啊!
口语表达
一、问答句(省略结构常见)
✅ 问:“你吃了什么?”
What did you eat?
你吃了什么?(I ate) a carrot.
(我吃了)一根胡萝卜。
👉 主语和谓语 可省略,口语中常直接回答重点内容。
✅ 问:“谁吃了胡萝卜?”
Who ate the carrot?
谁吃了胡萝卜?The rabbit (ate the carrot).
兔子(吃了胡萝卜)。
👉 可省略重复部分,直接答主语。
二、主语补语(表语句)
✅ 问:“谁是兔老爹?”
Who is Papa Rabbit?
哪位是兔老爹?I am Papa Rabbit.
我就是兔老爹。
👉 表达 “我就是”的意思,结构为:I am + 表语
三、情态表达
✅ 提议与回答
Would you like to eat a carrot?
你想吃根胡萝卜吗?Yes, I’d like to eat a carrot.
是的,我想(吃一根胡萝卜)。
👉 “Would you like to…” 是 礼貌询问常用句型。
并列句的省略
The rabbit went home after work, and the rabbit ate a carrot.
兔子下班后回家,然后(他)吃了一根胡萝卜.
The rabbit has eaten a carrot, but the wolf hasn’t eaten a carrot.
兔子吃了一根胡萝卜,但狼没(吃一根胡萝卜).
The story made the rabbit happy, but the story made the wolf sad.
这故事让兔子高兴,让狼悲伤.
The rabbit likes carrots and the wolf apples.
兔子爱吃胡萝卜,狼(爱吃)苹果.
复杂句的省略
从句
The rabbit will eat the carrot, but I don’t know when he will eat it.
兔子要吃这胡萝卜,但我不知道啥时候(他吃它). (包含宾语从句)
When the rabbit was young, the rabbit went to school every day.
当(他)小的时候,兔子每天上学
If it is possible, I’ll be there on time.
如果可能,我将按时到那。 (包含条件状语从句)
I can eat more carrots than you can eat carrots.
我能吃胡萝卜比你多. (包含比较状语从句)
You are smarter than I am smart.
你比我聪明.
主句
I am sorry to hear that.
- Shall I give you a thumbs-up?
- If you’d like you can give me a thumbs-up.