从句
简介
I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot.
我看见兔子吃了根胡萝卜
宾语从句
整体被称为 [[英语语法综述#^cde9ae|复杂句]]
分类
按 句子成分/剧情 分类
主语从句宾语从句宾语补语从句表语从句定语从句，状语从句，同位语
定语从包，[[形容词]]从句，关系从句 含义相同
按 词类 分类
主语从句宾语从句表语从句宾语补语从句同位语从句
英语从句分为三大类
[[形容词]]从句
^dc938b
由于在句中充当定语这个句子成分，因此被称为定语从句，也叫关系从句
关系代词引导的形容词从句
a carrot (that I bought) （定语从句）
一根我买来的胡萝卜
先行词 关系词 是关系代词
that I bought
who ate a carrot
whom I saw yesterday
whose favorite food is carrot
which the teacher likes
that vs. which
先行词是唯一的，明确的：that
如：the largest carrot
先行词多选一：which
The rabbit ate a carrot which I bought.
The rabbit ate a carrot that I bought.
关系[[副词]]引导的形容词从句
但在“引导从句”时，它们不是在修饰前面的[[名词]]，而是用来引导定语从句，连接并补充说明那个名词！
This was the place where the rabbit ate the carrot.
This is the reason why the rabbit ate the carrot.
That was the day when the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.
关系副词 = [[介词]] + 关系代词which
This was the place at which the rabbit ate the carrot.
This is the reason for which the rabbit ate the carrot.
That was the day on which the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.
限定性形容词从句
The rabbit ate the carrot which was on the table.
上从句先顶了carrot的范围/性质
非限定性形容词从句
The rabbit ate the carrot, which was on the table.
The rabbit ate the carrot, the carrot was on the table.
可以理解为说两次 the carrot 过于啰嗦，因此使用 which 代替，避免重复
非限定性[[形容词]]从句作插入语
因为该从句有补充的特性
My head, which is big,is useful when it rains.
我有大头，下雨不愁
非限定性形容词从句指代整句话
The rabbit ate the carrot, which was not surprising.
兔子吃了胡萝卜，这事儿不令人吃惊
限定性 vs.非限定性
I have a head which is round.
我有一个头是圆的（其中一个头）
I have a head, which is round.
我有一个头，他是圆的
名词从句
主语从句
That the rabbit ate a carrot is obvious.
兔子吃了胡萝这是明显的.
Whether the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
Where the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
When the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
How the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious
Who ate the carrot is obvious.
What the rabbit ate is obvious.
主语从句是要以引导词开头的
如果出现在在问句中，被叫做”疑问代词/疑问副词”
这里用来引导从句，从句的引导词
如果前面太长，就显得头重脚轻，因此我们使用 It 做形式主语
It is obvious that the rabbit ate a carrot.
注意：当谓语动词为suggest, demand, insist, order..时，从句中的动词应该使用不定式
这见个动词被动态也可以换成某些形容词，照样使用动词虚拟语气
宾语从句
I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot.
I saw whether the rabbit ate the carrot.
I saw who ate the carrot.
I saw what the rabbit ate.
I saw where the rabbit ate the carrot.
I saw when the rabbit ate the carrot.
I saw how he rabbit ate the carrot.
注意：
1. 除了某些[[介词]]参与的情况，从句的引导词基本都在从句的开头
2. 不要看到whether, where, when, how,就以为看到了包含以为代词/疑问副词的问句
引导词 that 的省略
I know the rabbit ate a carrot.
注意：有些情况下，that引导词不能被省略
I know, just like you do, that the rabbit ate the carrot.
某些词后的宾语从句的否定
否定加在谓语动词前，而非从句中
I don’t think (that) the rabbit is smart.
I don’t believe (that) you will give me some coins.
I don’t expect (that) you will give this video a thumbs-up.
主从时态一致
I don’t think(that) you’re right.
I didn’t think (that) you were right.
从句如果是真理则用一般现在时
be+形容词+that…（这个句型咱么无法定论）
I am sure that there’s a carrot on the table.
I am happy that there’s a carrot on the table.
I am afraid that there’s no carrot on the table.
表语从句
The problem is that the rabbit is hungry.
The reason is that there’s no more carrot.
The question is whether the rabbit is hungry.
The question is what the rabbit should eat.
The question is where/when/how the rabbit should eat the carrot.
主语从句->表语从句
That the rabbit ate a carrot is secret.
The secret is that the rabbit ate a carrot.
系动词：非be动词
It seems that the rabbit is hungry.
It feels that you’re not telling the truth
从句前面没有别的系动词（雾
同位语从句
当一个从句充当同位语时，称之为同位语从句
常在句中修饰抽象的名词
The question whether the rabbit will eat the carrot is on all our minds.
I have no idea who ate the carrot.
宾语补语从句
You can call me what you like.
你可以叫我你想叫我的(称号)
My education made me who I am today
我的教育造就了我今天是的(这个人).
副词从句（状语从句）
^ac5efa
- 表时间(如:在…·前)
- 在某一时间点之前
引导词：before
The rabbit ate a carrot at home before the wolf stopped by.
大灰狼串门之前，兔子吃了根胡萝卜
Before the wolf stopped by, the rabbit ate a carrot at home.
大灰狼串门之前，兔子吃了根胡萝 （从句在主句之前要加上逗号） - 在某个时间点“突然”
引导词：when
The rabbit was eating a carrot when I reached home.
我到家的时候,兔子在吃胡萝卜 - 时间段
引导词：while
The rabbit was eating a carrot while I was making a video.
我做视频的过程中,兔子在吃胡萝卜 - 同时
引导词：as
I ate a carrot as I made the video.
我一边吃胡萝卜边做视频. - 在某一时间点之后
引导词：After
The rabbit ate a carrot after the wolf stopped by.
大灰狼串过门之后，兔子吃了根胡萝 - 从之前某一时间点开始算
引导词：since
这种状态一般使用完成状态
The rabbit has shared three carrots since the wolf stopped by.
自从大灰狼来串门，兔子已经分享了三根胡萝卜了
The rabbit has not stopped sharing carrots since the wolf stopped by
自从大灰狼来串门，兔子就一直在分享胡萝卜 - 直到之后某一时间点
引导词：until
The rabbit waited until the wolf stopped by.
兔子一直在等, 直到大灰狼来串门.
The rabbit didn’t eat any carrot until the wolf stopped by
兔子直到大灰狼来串门才吃了胡萝卜。 - 一…就…
引导词：as soon as
The rabbit will eat a carrot as soon as the wolf leaves.
大灰狼一离开兔子就要吃一个胡萝卜。 - 下次…
引导词：the next time
The rabbit will share the biggest carrot the next time the wolf stops by.
下次大灰狼来串门,兔子会一起分享最大的胡萝卜。
- 在某一时间点之前
- 表地点(如:在…地方)
引导词：where+”强调形式”
wherever,everywhere,anywhere
不管哪里,任何地方,所有地方
The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it.
兔子在找到胡萝卜的地方吃了它
The rabbit will go wherever he can find a carrot.
The rabbit sees a carrot everywhere he goes. = every place where (定语从句)
The rabbit can eat a carrot anywhere he likes. = at any place where (定语从句)
和[[#^dc938b|形容词从句]]的区别
The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it
The rabbit ate the carrot at the place where he found it.
形容词从句是为了修饰先行词 place 。
This is where he found the carrot.（表语从句）
Where he found the carrot is a secret.（主语从句）
因此只靠 where 不能确定是什么从句 - 表条件(如:如果)….
If the rabbit sees a carrot, he will eat it.
真实的假设->真实条件句
If I had seen a carrot, I would have eaten it.
使用了动词虚拟语气的条件副词从句
主将从现
条件句比主句落后一个时间段
其他引导词：unless
Unless you like this video, you will not give it a thumbs-up.
除非你喜欢这个视频,你不会给它点赞
provided
Provided that my video is excellent, you will give it a thumbs-up.
如果我的视频很棒,你会给它点赞
As long as
As long as I make excellent videos, you will remain my follower.
只要我一直做高质量视频,你就会继续关注我
In case
In case you don’t understand, please comment below.
如果你不明白,请在下方评论 - 表让步(如:虽然…但是…)
假设：
Even if I see a carrot, I will not eat it.
即使我看到了一根胡萝卜,我也不会吃它
事实：
Although I see a carrot, I will not eat it.
尽管我看到了一根胡萝卜,但我不会吃它
未知情况：
No matter what happens, I will not eat the carrot
不管什么事会发生,我都不会吃这胡萝卜
No matter who orders me, I will not eat the carrot.
不管谁命令我,我都不会吃这胡萝卜.
/ regardless of - 表方式(如:就好像…
I feel good as if I just ate a carrot.
我感觉良好,就好像我刚吃了根胡萝卜一样.
You spend (so much) money as if you were a millionaire.(假想)
Eat the carrot as I do.（正在）
Leave the carrot as it is.
别动这胡萝卜（像这胡萝卜原本那样,别碰它） - 表比较(如:比…)
更…
He is smarter thanme.
He is smarter than l am.
This carrot is bigger l than that one.
This carrot is bigger than that one is.
She is more beautiful than Snow White.
She is more beautiful than Snow White is
同样的
He is as smart asI am/ me.
This carrot is as big as that oneis.
She is as beautiful as Snow Whiteis.
越…越…
The more you practice English,the more fluent you become.
你越多练习英语,你就越流利 - 表原因(如:因为…所以..)
Because
The rabbit ate the carrot because he was hungry.
兔子吃了胡萝卜,因为他饿了，
Because the rabbit was hungry,sohe ate the carrot.
so 是用来构成复合句的[[连词]]
since
介绍某个原因
Since you are hungry, you can eat the carrot.
既然你饿了，你可以吃这胡萝
as
As you were not here, we ate the carrot without you.
因为你之前不在这儿,所以吃胡萝卜没带你一个
因果/语气
because>since>as
Because this video is excellent, you should give it a thumbs-up.
因为这视频很棒,所以要点赞.
Since all my videos are excellent, you should give this video a thumbs-up.
众所周知,英语兔只出精品,所以要点赞
As I have thick skin, I’m begging you for a thumbs-up.
显而易见我脸皮很厚，所以求你点赞
注意
because 在主句前后都可引导，而 since/as 只能在主句之前
because vs. for
You must really like me, for you have given all my videos a thumbs-up.
你肯定很喜欢我，因为你给我所有视频都点赞啦
for在这里构成复合句，前者为推测，后者为推测的原因 - 表目的(如:为了…)
In order that I could finish the video in time I pulled an all-nighter.
为了及时完成视频我熬夜不睡
注意
so that 不能放在句首
一般使用 can, could, may, might, should, would 等情态动词 - 表结果(如:所以…)
I ate a lot of carrots for lunch so that I wasn’t hungry at all in the afternoon.
I ate so many carrots for lunch that I felt sick afterwards.
我吃了那么多胡萝卜，导致(结果是)我之后感到不舒服
such…that…
It was such a tasty carrot that I ate it all at once.（名词性成分）
这是个如此好吃的胡萝以至于(结果)我一下次就吃完了它
It was so tasty a carrot that I ate it all at once.
因为so 后面要接形容词，因此只能把 carrot 放在形容词之后
关系词
- 关系代词
- 关系[[副词]]